Data Preparation

Input quality and geometry checks
Data Preparation

Prepare 3D stratigraphy and section data for reliable cross-section generation, material assignment, and simulation results in Slope Optimiser.

Input data quality

Preparing Model Files

Good simulation results depend on clean, consistent 3D stratigraphy and section geometry.

The quality of simulation results is highly correlated to the quality of the provided 3D stratigraphy or section data. Ensuring that the models are topologically and geometrically consistent and correct allows Slope Optimiser to make more accurate estimations during simulation.

Topology matters

Closed, connected, and well-ordered geometry reduces the risk of gaps, overlaps, and invalid section wires.

Geometry matters

Clean surfaces and sensible tolerances improve slicing, material assignment, and interpretation of simulation results.

Recommendation
Before running simulations, visually inspect both the 3D model and any generated or imported sections. Repair significant gaps, overlaps, missing layers, and non-manifold geometry before proceeding.

Leapfrog export

Exporting DXF from Leapfrog

Use the most reliable DXF export option to preserve mesh connectivity for downstream processing.

DXF Export Recommendation

When exporting 3D meshes or model surfaces from Leapfrog, always use Polyfaces by selecting:

Recommended option
DXF Polyface Files (11/12 [AC1009]) (.dxf)

This option exports geometry as a connected polyface mesh, preserving mesh connectivity and providing the most reliable results for downstream processing and cross-section generation. Using polyfaces minimises the need for post-processing and is the recommended export method.

Note on Using 3D Faces

DXF files exported using 3D Faces via:

Supported but less preferred option
DXF Files (11/12 [AC1009]) (.dxf)

are currently supported. However, this export method represents geometry as individual, unconnected faces, which requires additional processing before the data can be reliably used for cross-section generation.

Due to additional processing overhead and cleaner geometry requirements, exporting DXF files as Polyfaces is strongly recommended whenever possible.

3D stratigraphy

Stratigraphy Preparation

Prepare high-quality 3D DXF models for cross-section generation without gaps, overlaps, or invalid mesh geometry.

The following tips and examples can be used to prepare high-quality 3D DXF models for cross-section generation.

Model Integrity and Clean Geometry
Gaps in 3D models Models should form closed meshes. Shared layer boundaries should be closely aligned and joined without gaps.
Closed meshes Each 3D object should be a closed manifold mesh. Every edge should be shared by exactly two adjacent faces.

Gaps between boundaries that are intended to connect can create holes or discontinuities. These issues can compromise the structural consistency and visual coherence of the model. Proper modelling practices, verification, and quality-control tools help maintain robust, gap-free meshes.

open_solids

The example above shows an open solid, which should be fixed to avoid disruptions and open wires when generating sections.

Precision and Tolerance Settings
Tolerance settings Use a reasonable tolerance, typically around 0.001-0.01 mm, to avoid tiny gaps that can lead to misalignments.
Export precision Set high precision for curves and surfaces during DXF export to retain detail and reduce approximation errors.

Precision settings should be selected according to the complexity and size of the model. Highly complex models should either be simplified, for example by reducing the mesh, or sections should be imported directly into the project.

Simplified Geometry for Complex Models
Avoid excessive complexity Highly detailed or overly complex models can be problematic during cross-section generation using the slicing tool.
Limit model size Very large 3D model files, especially files over 1 GB, can cause performance issues, long processing times, and sharing difficulties.

Use simplifications where possible without compromising the required geological or engineering detail.

Section quality

Section Preparation

Good quality section wires are essential for accurate and reliable simulations.

Good quality section wires are essential inputs for simulations. Section wires can either be imported directly from external software or generated using the in-house slicing tool. A thorough visual inspection of selected section wires or surfaces is important before proceeding with more complex and time-intensive simulations.

Section Geometry Checklist
Wire continuity Ensure that all edges are connected to avoid gaps within wires.
Voids or missing layers Ensure that adjacent layers are well aligned and that shared boundaries are joined without creating undesirable voids between layers.
Overlapping layers Ensure that sections used for simulations do not have layers that overlap each other.
Duplicate vertices or edges Remove duplicate vertices or edges that may cause self-intersecting surfaces or invalid wires.
Sequential edge ordering Out-of-order edges or vertex points can lead to inaccurate shape representations in local 2D coordinates.

Small voids may be acceptable, but large voids create undefined space between layers. Undefined regions cannot be assigned to a specific material during the simulation and can affect the final result.

voids

The example above shows missing layers, which introduce incomplete section regions by creating voids.

overlapping

The example above shows layer overlapping introduced due to coarse-grained mesh precision.

Advice on Sections Imported from Third-Party Software

When generating cross-sections using tools such as Leapfrog, AutoCAD, Rhino, or other reputable CAD software, the likelihood of poor-quality sections is reduced if the 3D model itself follows high quality standards.

The reliability of imported sections depends on the initial 3D model quality. A well-constructed model with properly aligned vertices, closed and manifold surfaces, and consistent geometry helps avoid gaps, overlaps, and distorted profiles in generated sections.

Best practice
Maintain strict quality control over the 3D model before generating sections. Clean source geometry usually leads to cleaner and more accurate cross-sections.

Layer management

Model Organisation

Use clear layer names and colours so model components can be managed and inspected efficiently.

Use layers and set their names when generating DXF files to separate different model components or regions. This makes it easier to control visibility and extract sections accurately.

Descriptive layer names Consistent colours Separate model regions Clear visibility control

Name layers descriptively to make model elements easier to manage during cross-section extraction.

Recommendation
Define names and colours of layers in the modelling software before exporting DXF files. This reduces manual clean-up in Slope Optimiser and improves traceability during section generation.

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