Case 4: Groundwater and Faults

Estimated reading time: 5 min Last updated: 9 October 2026
Case 4
Add Faults to the Groundwater Model

Classify groundwater and faults separately from rock layers, assign fault strength properties, and optimise the resulting slope.

Exercise folder: Files for users/Case_4_faults in the tutorial models ZIP.

Before starting, complete the account setup. Follow the steps below online; the workbook PDF is available for printing or offline use. This case corresponds to workbook pages 31-36.

Create and Import the Section

  1. Choose File > New.
  2. Choose File > Import Section > DXF and open Case4_GroundModel.dxf from Case_4_faults.
  3. Select Meters under Import as, then click OK.
  4. Click the South face of the view cube and expand Cross-Sections > Case4_GroundModel1 in Navigation.
Groundwater and Faults Exercise Section
Reference view from the workbook; later slope geometry setup is also visible.

You can also open Case4_starter.cbf. Verify the rock materials, water entity, and both faults before running it.

Define Bench and Material Properties

Use these bench settings for all five rock-material layers:

Bench Input Value
Bench height 15 m
Bench face angle 90°
Minimum berm width 7.5 m

Select each rock layer, set Mohr-Coulomb, and enter:

Material Cohesion (kPa) Friction Angle (°) Unit Weight (kN/m³)
Granite_1 1430 27.62 25.1
Granite_2 732 16.68 24.5
Porfirite_1 971 20.01 26.3
Porfirite_2 727 16.61 23.6
Vulcanite 700 33.6 26.4
Rock-Layer Properties
These values apply to rock layers. Assign the water line and faults separately in the next step.

The automatic berm-width rule gives 7.5 m for a 15 m bench if no width is entered.

Assign Groundwater and Faults

Groundwater

  1. Select water in Navigation.
  2. In Properties > Entity Type, enable Piezometric line (open polyline).
Classifying Groundwater
Enable the Piezometric line checkbox; the reference screenshot shows its initial unselected state.

Fault Planes

  1. Select F32 and enable Fault / joint (open polyline) under Entity Type.
  2. Set the fault strength model to Mohr-Coulomb and enter the values below.
  3. Repeat the assignment and strength values for F42. The screenshot labels include spaces: F 32 and F 42.
Fault Strength Model Cohesion (kPa) Friction Angle (°)
F32 Mohr-Coulomb 40 23
F42 Mohr-Coulomb 40 23
Assigning a Fault and Its Strength
Apply the same strength model and values to both fault planes.

The water and fault polylines are auxiliary entities. Do not leave them classified as rock layers. Check both fault planes and the water line before selecting the cross-section.

For background, see Faults and Water Table.

Set the Slope Geometry

Select Case4_GroundModel1 and enter:

Section Input Value
Bench definition Bench height
Target FoS 1.3
Slope Anchor > Prescribed point Crest
Horizontal Crest Position 1150 m
Failure Direction Right to left
Target slope height 330 m
Section Properties
Case 4 Crest Settings
Case 4 uses the same crest and slope-height settings as Case 3a.

The full-bench arrangement is 22 × 15 m = 330 m. Check the green OSA search region, the water line, and the fault assignments after setting the geometry. If a geometry change removes the water table, restore it before starting the simulation.

Save and Run the Simulation

  1. Choose File > Save As and save the project as Case4_final.cbf in the exercise folder. Use a separate working folder if you want to keep the supplied reference project for comparison.
  2. Select the Simulation tab beside Visualiser, at the bottom of the main workspace, then select Case4_GroundModel1.
  3. Set Simulation results location to Automatic. A section simulation folder is created beside the saved .cbf project when the simulation starts.
  4. Click Start. If Simulation Check lists an issue, use Fix to open the affected field, correct it, and select Check Again.
  5. Once the check passes, click Start again. Review any later geometry or groundwater warnings and select your configured account if prompted. If the folder belongs to another account, cancel and choose a separate Custom folder to keep its existing results.
  6. Monitor the Node status summary and use Fetch results to retrieve the output.

For more detail, see Running Simulations. If the analysis does not start, use Simulation Does Not Start.

Review the Results

The workbook’s example reports:

Result Example Value
Target FoS 1.3
Achieved FoS 1.319
Target slope height 330 m
Bench-compatible slope height 330 m
Case 4 Example Result

Confirm that F32 and F42 have the intended strength values, the piezometric line is present, and the crest remains at 1150 m. Review the achieved FoS, bench geometry, and failure mechanism against your inputs. Use Case4_final.cbf to compare the reference setup.

Export and Reuse the Output

  1. On the Simulation page, expand Output Tools.
  2. Choose the required DXF export format, then click Export DXF.
  3. To bring the optimised geometry back into the project, click Create project section from output.
  4. Open Visualiser and find the new section in Navigation.
Export option When to use it
Rocscience Prepare a 2D DXF for Rocscience software. The orientation is converted to the required import plane and the closed external boundary is generated automatically.
Global Keep the original global coordinates for comparison with the source model.
Local XZ Align the section with the XZ plane, with a fixed Y coordinate.
Local XY Flatten the section onto the XY plane, with a fixed Z coordinate.
Exporting the Optimised Profile
Choose the export format to suit the receiving software before exporting the DXF.
Creating a Project Section from Output
The new section can be viewed in the Visualiser alongside the original model.

For a Rocscience RS2 workflow, follow Importing Output into Rocscience RS2 and check the imported boundary assignments.

To export optimised slope angles as a block model CSV, follow Exporting the Section Block Model.

Continue with Your Own Scenarios

You have now worked through homogeneous materials, layered geology, groundwater, crest and toe anchors, and faults. Keep separate projects or duplicated sections when changing a scenario, and check all affected inputs before running it. See Creating Different Scenarios for the workflow.

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